Issues of a Theory of the Universe

[ranku]

Issues of a Theory of the Universe

 

Unification of the four fundamental forces – gravitation, electromagnetism, strong and weak nuclear forces - is the retracing of the present broken symmetry to a previous strength symmetry. Now the final unification is the incorporation of gravity with the other three forces.

 

The presently observed accelerative expansion of the universe implies a non-zero cosmological constant. One may well consider this expansive spacetime force of the universe as the fifth force of nature. While gravity co-exists as the other spacetime force. To conceptualize this situation or relation, one may say that there is a broken symmetry or asymmetric association between the potential energy of gravity and the cosmological constant driven kinetic energy of the expansion of the universe.

 

From the unificatory point of view, it may be inferred that if in the universe there is a broken symmetry between the expression of gravitational potential energy and the cosmological constant driven expansive kinetic energy, then this asymmetry would disappear at the very beginning of the universe.

 

Now if one were to generalize this asymmetric association one may say that in any dynamic system, gravitational potential energy is asymmetrically associated with kinetic energy.

 

It should be noted as well that if the kinetic energy component is constrained from manifesting asymmetrical excess kinetic energy, like for example the constancy of the speed of light, then the light ray would succumb to the asymmetric gravitational pull of the potential energy component, by bending toward it, more than what the visible potential energy source would require.

Here are some qualitative local deductions, and two predictions from the general principle of asymmetric association of potential and kinetic energy, or kinepotent energy for short:

 

I. The deviation from the virial in galaxies and their clusters need not be at least entirely accounted for by so-called dark matter (which could also include less visible baryonic matter), but could be seen as an outcome of the asymmetric association of potential and kinetic energy, where the excess kinetic energy of rotation makes it appear as if there is a dark matter source of potential energy, when in fact it is the asymmetric association with potential energy that explains the presence of the ‘excess’ kinetic energy of rotation. Observations should yield a consistent relation of asymmetry between the discrepancy of potential and kinetic energy in all such systems.

 

II. Gravity waves consist of two components of compression and expansion. If the compression is the potential energy component, and expansion is the kinetic energy component, then the asymmetry should be visible in the amplitude of the expansive component being more than the compressive component.

 

III. The evidence of the presence of dark matter has also been inferred from gravitational lensing. This may alternatively be caused by the asymmetric association of the light ray with the gravitational potential energy of regular matter. As has been argued above, in situations where the kinetic energy component is constrained from manifesting ‘excess’ presence, like the constant speed of light, then the effect of asymmetric association would be to bend the light toward the gravitational matter.

 

IV. Along with the early universe perturbations, asymmetric kinepotent energy expression could also play a role in the accretion of matter for the formation of galaxies.

 

V. Stars are in hydrostatic balance between their gravitation and pressure; but they rotate as well, which is apparently not required to maintain that pressure, but is present anyway. Because the two components of potential and kinetic energy are symmetric in the hydrostatically balanced star, the asymmetric expression in terms of ‘excess’ kinetic energy is to be found in the presence of the rotation of the star.

 

VI. In a black hole, if what is within the event horizon is its kinetic energy component, and symmetrical to its external gravitation, then the asymmetric ‘excess’ kinetic energy expression has to be in the rotation of the black hole; thus all black holes should rotate.

 

Asymmetricality suggests a previous state of symmetry toward the beginning of the universe.

 

I. If in asymmetricality there is the coexistence of attractive gravitational curvature, and the expansive curvature in the universe, symmetricality should imply the dissolution of that duality - in the form of a ‘unicurvature’ spacetime.

 

II. If asymmetricality manifests a matter-radiation filled multi-force universe, symmetricality should imply an empty ‘uniforce’ spacetime.

 

III. If asymmetricality manifests as the non-uniform velocity of expansion of the universe, symmetricality should imply a uniform velocity of expansion of spacetime.

 

The earliest measurable and smallest uncertainty of time is the Planck time. If the spacetime before Planck time expanded with maximum uniform velocity c, over the smallest measurable distance of Planck length, then applying the Hubble relation H = V/D, we indeed get the age of the universe as Planck time :

1/H = I_p/c = t_p

 

At Planck time and Planck energy, a transition appears to have occurred, from a unicurvature, empty, uniforce spacetime to a dual curvature, radiation-matter filled, multiforce, spacetime universe.

 

As for the future of the universe, if spacetime continues to expand acceleratively as presently observed, eventually there will come a time when the velocity difference over a Planck length would be c all over the universe, which is dynamically akin to the Planck time state of spacetime, and each plank length should therefore revert to a unidimensional, empty spacetime. Whether more multidimensional universes could re-emerge out of each of those Planck length unidimensional spacetime remains to be determined.

 

<<<<<>>>>>

[CraigD]

This appears to be an interesting and involved beginning of a theory.

 

After a first reading, I have several questions and concerns. Rather than attempt to post all of them, I’ll begin with one, upon which most of the following ones depend.

From the unificatory point of view, it may be inferred that if in the universe there is a broken symmetry between the expression of gravitational potential energy and the cosmological constant driven expansive kinetic energy, then this asymmetry would disappear at the very beginning of the universe.

 

Now if one were to generalize this asymmetric association one may say that in any dynamic system, gravitational potential energy is asymmetrically associated with kinetic energy.

While I understand that gravity is a fundamental force, so could in principle be unified with other fundamental forces, I don’t understand how potential and kinetic energy, which measure the change of the state of an ensemble of fermions and massive bosons (a body) through interaction with fundamental force carrier particles (bosons), can be similarly considered “broken symmetries”. Ranku, can you explain this part of your theory in a manner understandable by a non-specialist?

It should be noted as well that if the kinetic energy component is constrained from manifesting asymmetrical excess kinetic energy, like for example the constancy of the speed of light, …

How is kinetic energy constrained by the constancy of the speed of light?

 

Although relativity constrains the velocity of a body with nonzero mass to be less than the speed of light, I’m aware of no fundamental constraint on it’s kinetic energy. Defining kinetic energy as the difference in a particles energy and its rest energy,

[math]E_k = (M – M_0)c^2 = M_0 c^2 \left ( \frac1{\sqrt{1- \left (\frac{v}{c} \right )^2) }}-1 \right )[/math],

it’s clear that [math]E_k[/math] is unconstrained, approaching infinity as [math]v[/math] approaches [math]c[/math].

 

Before I can further understand ranku’s theory, I need to get past these hurtles. I’d be grateful for any help.

[ranku]

Hi Craig,

 

In response to your first question:

Here we are trying to get at the cosmological spacetime basis of potential and kinetic energies, with the propostion that they are asymmetric.

Now if the cosmological asymmetry between gravitational potential energy and expansive kinetic energy is indeed generalizable, we should see asymmetry at the local level as well, be it galactic, planetary or quantum(these has been discussed in the deductions/predictions) - although with smaller quantum masses we expect more minute local asymmetry. So at the quantum level one should expect to see asymmetry, although the quantum equivalent of potential and kinetic energies has to be first carefully identified.

 

On the other hand if the cosmological asymmetry is not generalizable, then that idea must solely be used to enable unification with the other fundmental forces. This is further elucidated in the sequence of points differentiing symmetry and asymmetry later in the text.

 

In response to your second question:

That equation about kinetic energy applies to masses with a rest mass. Light has no rest mass, so its kinetic energy is the finite energy of the travelling photon mass at any given point of time. Also even with particles with rest mass, because they never take on the value of c, so we do not actually get infinite kinetic energy, only a very large sum of energy involved to push those particles.

 

The point about the constraint of kinetic energy of light exclusively deals with the speed of light. That light cannot travel any faster than c is its kinetic energy constraint.

 

Thank you for your clarificatory questions.