The degradation of the American and Swahili Coast Ecosystems

[tuti9064]

Introduction(79 words)

Did you know that there are wetlands in Florida where fish live drunk, die from substances brought in from the sea, and enter the sea by human boats? In all places where people live, the surrounding environment rarely changes positively. In many places, we have introduced invasive species, destroyed habitats, raised global temperatures, and reshaped ecosystems, for better or for worse. This short and easy-to-understand essay describes some of the factors involved in biosphere degradation and what they are.

East African change of land-cover(236 words)

It was the geography of Africa that doomed African civilization. A large and brutal desert, the Sahara, in the north, limiting African population growth in northern and sub-Saharan Africa. The center of the continent, Congo, is a huge and hard-to-live rainforest that stretches from the Central African Republic to Namibia and covers the Swahili coast (East Africa). Only through the Industrial Revolution could this rainforest host huge metropolises in the middle of the jungle, vaccinate all of its citizens, and protect them from illness, thus preventing the emergence of human civilization in the region(2). The modernization of East Africa alone has forced many animals to leave their local habitats and move elsewhere; almost all of Uganda is covered by cities and villages. The result is yet unknown; but if similar events, such as the Urbanization of Hawaii, are the future’s foundations, anything good isn't to be expected. Throughout the Swahili coast the area of cropland has grown by 35% between 1988 and 2017, or 18,154,000 (± 1,580,000) {1}, this lead to a reduction in woody vegetation was more frequent than succession in the direction of increasing trees and shrubs by approximately 20 million hectares {2}. Another very important point is that this excludes the fact that the area of residence has increased by 44% , which is consistent with rapid population growth observed over the study period over the same time period. 📷

The Hawaiian Tragedy (499 words)

Hawaii has been a very isolated island for thousands of years. Even when humans first arrived the ecosystem didn’t change, until recently.Hawaii has experienced a massive population boom over the last 50 years, resulting in more urbanization and some degree of industrialization. This has increased human interference with the environment. According to one study on Oahu(Hawaii’s main island), insects typically make up more than 80% of the invertebrate species in forested watersheds; introduced Trichoptera (caddisflies)are the dominant insect. In contrast, insects typically make up only about half of the invertebrates collected at urban sites, with Diptera (true flies) more abundant than caddisflies. Introduced mollusks (snails and clams) are the most common non insect invertebrate in channelized streams on Oahu (Brasher et al.forthcoming) but rarely occur in perennial streams in forested watersheds, where the nativelimpet (N.granosa) is often abundant. This pattern has also been documented in New Zealand, where a more pristine site was dominated by mayflies and caddisflies and a more disturbed site was dominated by Chironomidae (a type of true fly) and mollusks (Death 2000), another very important thing this study has found was that Today more than 50 species of introduced fish, invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, and aquatic plants are established in streams and reservoirs in Hawaii(3). This is a disaster because due to human alteration of the environment, native species have failed and weakened. Now only 2 of the 5 main small fish species in Hawaii are not endangered (3). The urbanization of Hawaii has lead to more than 50 species of introduced fish, invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, and aquatic plants were as the study describes “Many of the nonnative species were intentionally released because they were expected to be beneficial; others were simply dumped into streams with little consideration of the consequences.” Due to urbanization from Hawaii to 1978, at least 58 percent of the estimated 366 perennial streams in Hawaii had some type of flow change (Parrish et al. 1978) (3). Not only are the invasive species suitable for habitat disruptions, but they also create such conditions, so these invasive species pose a serious threat to Hawaii. For example, introduced catfish and crabs dig holes in the banks of streams, causing erosion and increasing water turbidity (thickness). This makes it difficult for native species to move upstream, affecting their fertility and facilitating hunting. Another very important point is that Hawaii's streams are naturally low populated with native species, and invasive species grow under degraded conditions in altered basins. As Hawaii becomes more urbanized, more and more streams will be tampered with and invasive species will assert their dominance in Hawaii. The growing population of these tropical islands is introducing invasive species, diverting water, changing river channels, and reducing natural river flow. This has reduced the water quality of many native river species and deteriorated their physical habitats. To manage these highly altered ecosystems, we need to better understand how these heightened terrors can lead to the extinction of native species.

A disruption of the climate(145 words)

There has been an increase in biome degradation around the world. Examples of this would be the problems mentioned earlier and others, such as the Amazon forest fires or land degradation in India. In the next section, we will cover the following topics: First: Stream-flow; Second: Stream Temperature, and Third: Wildfires. Before moving onto these topics, we must first understand the following: Changes in Earth's climate can affect ecosystems by altering water cycles, habitats, animal behavior - such as nesting and migration patterns - and the timing of natural processes like flowers bloom. Changes that disrupt the functioning of ecosystems can increase the risk of damage or even extinction for some species. For example: wildfires occur naturally, more frequent and more intense fires can significantly disrupt ecosystems, damage property, put people and communities at risk, and create air pollution problems even far away from the source (4).

Stream Flow degradation (317 words)

Before we begin discussing this topic we must first point out two important things, first: Streamflow is the rate at which water is carried by rivers and streams, and it represents a critical resource for people and the environment, and second: This is limited to the continental U.S.A., regions similar to the USA will experience similar phenomena and regions different will experience different phenomena. Over the last 79 years, flow size has increased in the northeastern and midwestern United States and decreased in the southeastern and Pacific Northwest. This is devastating as many plants and animals rely on currents for habitat and survival, and as the United States Environmental Protection Agency also known as EPA reports that overall there has been an increase in streamflow size, and as we pointed out in past sections of this essay, such occurrences are very harmful to the established ecosystem. This is not to mention that the amount of streamflow is important because very high flows can cause erosion and damaging floods, while very low flows can diminish water quality, harm fish, and reduce the amount of water available for people to use. The stream-flow in the mentioned regions has also become more chaotic, thus making it more difficult for reservoir managers to know how to act. In addition, some plants and animals (such as fish that migrate) depend on a particular pattern of streamflow as part of their life cycles. What is important to be mentioned and that does affect the first part of this essay (The Swahili Coast region) is that changes in land cover and land use over time, however, could still influence streamflow trends at some streams. The gauges used for this indicator are not evenly distributed across the country, due to variation in the availability of long-term data. Thus, even if this is not due to climate change, it is due to human settlement.

Stream Temperature(317)

Some might ask the following question: rising water temperatures are good, because they attract recreational fishing and aid in the movement to more green energy sources; so why are rising water temperatures an issue? Well, dear reader, rising water temperatures attract harmful algae and bacteria that produce toxins. These toxins can cause illnesses in recreational users and contaminate drinking water supplies . And this is not to mention the following points: First: many plants, animals, and other organisms flourish only in a specific range of water temperatures. Second: Changes in water temperature can affect the environments where fish, shellfish, and other

Marine species live. Certain fish species naturally migrate in response to seasonal temperatures.

changes, moving northward or to deeper, cooler waters in the summer and migrating back

during the winter, this migration will be harmed by rising water temperatures, and this is not to mention that as fish go lower for colder water, fishing becomes difficult. Third: Due to rising water temperatures fish have moved northwards or gone lower, making it more difficult for recreational fishing. Now this same group of people might ask the following question: This is an overreaction. Since 1985, summer surface water temperatures have increased in 32 of the 34 lakes. A total of 24 lakes warmed by more than 1°F, and 15 by more than 2°F. Warming was statistically significant in nine of these lakes; these small increases in temperature are impossible to be the cause of the movement of fish. To this the following response is to be said: marine species represent a particularly good indicator of warming oceans because they are sensitive to climate and because they've been studied and tracked for many years. Fish are especially mobile, and they may shift their location more easily than species on land because they face fewer physical barriers, as well as the aforementioned migration to colder waters during the summer.

Wildfires(327 words)

Wildfires are becoming a larger issue annually, since 1983, the National Interagency Fire Center has documented an average of approximately 70,000 wildfires per year. Compiled data from the Forest Service suggest that the actual total may be even higher for the first few years of nationwide data collection that can be compared. The data do not show an obvious trend during this time. This is worrying because an average of 1.6 million acres burned in July of each year from 2001 to 2017, this harmfully affected farming and the environment, and this is not to mention the following 2two facts: first: climate change threatens to increase the frequency, extent, and severity of fires through

increased temperatures and drought, second: Beyond the human and societal impacts, wildfires also affect the Earth’s climate. Forests in particular store large amounts of carbon. When they burn, they immediately release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which in turn contributes to climate change. After burning, forests also release carbon dioxide more gradually through decomposition. Some might ask the following question: Wildfires are natural, how are we to be blamed for something that is natural? Well dear reader, Human activities and land management practices also affect wildfire activity, and preferred practices in wildfire management have evolved over time, from older policies that favored complete wildfire prevention to more recent policies of wildfire suppression and controlled burns. Resources available to fight and manage wildfires can also influence the amount of area burned over time. Climate change threatens to increase the frequency, extent, and severity of fires through increased temperatures and drought. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, between 1980 and 2020 the United States had 18 wildfire events that caused more than $1 billion in damage; 15 of those have occurred since 2000. The main threat to not only the U.S.A. but the entire world are wildfires. If left be they will become the main source of climate change.

Final Thoughts(129 words)

These and other topics are very important to both our present and future. More research by both individual and government should be carried out. What we should hope to do is advance the science of Ecosystem-Fixation so that we can fix our present and guarantee a good future for the next generations. Action is necessary before the issue goes from some species disappearing and fishing becoming harder to the geography of the U.S.A. changing forever. This has been fun to research and I hoped I would have more time to put more information, but as it seems now this is my final draft. Much appreciation goes to sir Jim Lootens-White in specific and to the U.S. department of Agriculture for their aid in writing this essay.
Further reading/sources:

(1)

https://www.fs.usda.gov/rmrs/science-spotlights/three-decades-land-cover-change-east-africa
(2)

https://youtu.be/_AQZTW1ua3g

(3)

https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/53/11/1052/259848

(4)

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/ecosystems

(5)

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-streamflow

(6)

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-stream-temperature

[Vmedvil]

2 hours ago, tuti9064 said:

Introduction(79 words)

Did you know that there are wetlands in Florida where fish live drunk, die from substances brought in from the sea, and enter the sea by human boats? In all places where people live, the surrounding environment rarely changes positively. In many places, we have introduced invasive species, destroyed habitats, raised global temperatures, and reshaped ecosystems, for better or for worse. This short and easy-to-understand essay describes some of the factors involved in biosphere degradation and what they are.

East African change of land-cover(236 words)

It was the geography of Africa that doomed African civilization. A large and brutal desert, the Sahara, in the north, limiting African population growth in northern and sub-Saharan Africa. The center of the continent, Congo, is a huge and hard-to-live rainforest that stretches from the Central African Republic to Namibia and covers the Swahili coast (East Africa). Only through the Industrial Revolution could this rainforest host huge metropolises in the middle of the jungle, vaccinate all of its citizens, and protect them from illness, thus preventing the emergence of human civilization in the region(2). The modernization of East Africa alone has forced many animals to leave their local habitats and move elsewhere; almost all of Uganda is covered by cities and villages. The result is yet unknown; but if similar events, such as the Urbanization of Hawaii, are the future’s foundations, anything good isn't to be expected. Throughout the Swahili coast the area of cropland has grown by 35% between 1988 and 2017, or 18,154,000 (± 1,580,000) {1}, this lead to a reduction in woody vegetation was more frequent than succession in the direction of increasing trees and shrubs by approximately 20 million hectares {2}. Another very important point is that this excludes the fact that the area of residence has increased by 44% , which is consistent with rapid population growth observed over the study period over the same time period. 📷

The Hawaiian Tragedy (499 words)

Hawaii has been a very isolated island for thousands of years. Even when humans first arrived the ecosystem didn’t change, until recently.Hawaii has experienced a massive population boom over the last 50 years, resulting in more urbanization and some degree of industrialization. This has increased human interference with the environment. According to one study on Oahu(Hawaii’s main island), insects typically make up more than 80% of the invertebrate species in forested watersheds; introduced Trichoptera (caddisflies)are the dominant insect. In contrast, insects typically make up only about half of the invertebrates collected at urban sites, with Diptera (true flies) more abundant than caddisflies. Introduced mollusks (snails and clams) are the most common non insect invertebrate in channelized streams on Oahu (Brasher et al.forthcoming) but rarely occur in perennial streams in forested watersheds, where the nativelimpet (N.granosa) is often abundant. This pattern has also been documented in New Zealand, where a more pristine site was dominated by mayflies and caddisflies and a more disturbed site was dominated by Chironomidae (a type of true fly) and mollusks (Death 2000), another very important thing this study has found was that Today more than 50 species of introduced fish, invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, and aquatic plants are established in streams and reservoirs in Hawaii(3). This is a disaster because due to human alteration of the environment, native species have failed and weakened. Now only 2 of the 5 main small fish species in Hawaii are not endangered (3). The urbanization of Hawaii has lead to more than 50 species of introduced fish, invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, and aquatic plants were as the study describes “Many of the nonnative species were intentionally released because they were expected to be beneficial; others were simply dumped into streams with little consideration of the consequences.” Due to urbanization from Hawaii to 1978, at least 58 percent of the estimated 366 perennial streams in Hawaii had some type of flow change (Parrish et al. 1978) (3). Not only are the invasive species suitable for habitat disruptions, but they also create such conditions, so these invasive species pose a serious threat to Hawaii. For example, introduced catfish and crabs dig holes in the banks of streams, causing erosion and increasing water turbidity (thickness). This makes it difficult for native species to move upstream, affecting their fertility and facilitating hunting. Another very important point is that Hawaii's streams are naturally low populated with native species, and invasive species grow under degraded conditions in altered basins. As Hawaii becomes more urbanized, more and more streams will be tampered with and invasive species will assert their dominance in Hawaii. The growing population of these tropical islands is introducing invasive species, diverting water, changing river channels, and reducing natural river flow. This has reduced the water quality of many native river species and deteriorated their physical habitats. To manage these highly altered ecosystems, we need to better understand how these heightened terrors can lead to the extinction of native species.

A disruption of the climate(145 words)

There has been an increase in biome degradation around the world. Examples of this would be the problems mentioned earlier and others, such as the Amazon forest fires or land degradation in India. In the next section, we will cover the following topics: First: Stream-flow; Second: Stream Temperature, and Third: Wildfires. Before moving onto these topics, we must first understand the following: Changes in Earth's climate can affect ecosystems by altering water cycles, habitats, animal behavior - such as nesting and migration patterns - and the timing of natural processes like flowers bloom. Changes that disrupt the functioning of ecosystems can increase the risk of damage or even extinction for some species. For example: wildfires occur naturally, more frequent and more intense fires can significantly disrupt ecosystems, damage property, put people and communities at risk, and create air pollution problems even far away from the source (4).

Stream Flow degradation (317 words)

Before we begin discussing this topic we must first point out two important things, first: Streamflow is the rate at which water is carried by rivers and streams, and it represents a critical resource for people and the environment, and second: This is limited to the continental U.S.A., regions similar to the USA will experience similar phenomena and regions different will experience different phenomena. Over the last 79 years, flow size has increased in the northeastern and midwestern United States and decreased in the southeastern and Pacific Northwest. This is devastating as many plants and animals rely on currents for habitat and survival, and as the United States Environmental Protection Agency also known as EPA reports that overall there has been an increase in streamflow size, and as we pointed out in past sections of this essay, such occurrences are very harmful to the established ecosystem. This is not to mention that the amount of streamflow is important because very high flows can cause erosion and damaging floods, while very low flows can diminish water quality, harm fish, and reduce the amount of water available for people to use. The stream-flow in the mentioned regions has also become more chaotic, thus making it more difficult for reservoir managers to know how to act. In addition, some plants and animals (such as fish that migrate) depend on a particular pattern of streamflow as part of their life cycles. What is important to be mentioned and that does affect the first part of this essay (The Swahili Coast region) is that changes in land cover and land use over time, however, could still influence streamflow trends at some streams. The gauges used for this indicator are not evenly distributed across the country, due to variation in the availability of long-term data. Thus, even if this is not due to climate change, it is due to human settlement.

Stream Temperature(317)

Some might ask the following question: rising water temperatures are good, because they attract recreational fishing and aid in the movement to more green energy sources; so why are rising water temperatures an issue? Well, dear reader, rising water temperatures attract harmful algae and bacteria that produce toxins. These toxins can cause illnesses in recreational users and contaminate drinking water supplies . And this is not to mention the following points: First: many plants, animals, and other organisms flourish only in a specific range of water temperatures. Second: Changes in water temperature can affect the environments where fish, shellfish, and other

Marine species live. Certain fish species naturally migrate in response to seasonal temperatures.

changes, moving northward or to deeper, cooler waters in the summer and migrating back

during the winter, this migration will be harmed by rising water temperatures, and this is not to mention that as fish go lower for colder water, fishing becomes difficult. Third: Due to rising water temperatures fish have moved northwards or gone lower, making it more difficult for recreational fishing. Now this same group of people might ask the following question: This is an overreaction. Since 1985, summer surface water temperatures have increased in 32 of the 34 lakes. A total of 24 lakes warmed by more than 1°F, and 15 by more than 2°F. Warming was statistically significant in nine of these lakes; these small increases in temperature are impossible to be the cause of the movement of fish. To this the following response is to be said: marine species represent a particularly good indicator of warming oceans because they are sensitive to climate and because they've been studied and tracked for many years. Fish are especially mobile, and they may shift their location more easily than species on land because they face fewer physical barriers, as well as the aforementioned migration to colder waters during the summer.

Wildfires(327 words)

Wildfires are becoming a larger issue annually, since 1983, the National Interagency Fire Center has documented an average of approximately 70,000 wildfires per year. Compiled data from the Forest Service suggest that the actual total may be even higher for the first few years of nationwide data collection that can be compared. The data do not show an obvious trend during this time. This is worrying because an average of 1.6 million acres burned in July of each year from 2001 to 2017, this harmfully affected farming and the environment, and this is not to mention the following 2two facts: first: climate change threatens to increase the frequency, extent, and severity of fires through

increased temperatures and drought, second: Beyond the human and societal impacts, wildfires also affect the Earth’s climate. Forests in particular store large amounts of carbon. When they burn, they immediately release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which in turn contributes to climate change. After burning, forests also release carbon dioxide more gradually through decomposition. Some might ask the following question: Wildfires are natural, how are we to be blamed for something that is natural? Well dear reader, Human activities and land management practices also affect wildfire activity, and preferred practices in wildfire management have evolved over time, from older policies that favored complete wildfire prevention to more recent policies of wildfire suppression and controlled burns. Resources available to fight and manage wildfires can also influence the amount of area burned over time. Climate change threatens to increase the frequency, extent, and severity of fires through increased temperatures and drought. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, between 1980 and 2020 the United States had 18 wildfire events that caused more than $1 billion in damage; 15 of those have occurred since 2000. The main threat to not only the U.S.A. but the entire world are wildfires. If left be they will become the main source of climate change.

Final Thoughts(129 words)

These and other topics are very important to both our present and future. More research by both individual and government should be carried out. What we should hope to do is advance the science of Ecosystem-Fixation so that we can fix our present and guarantee a good future for the next generations. Action is necessary before the issue goes from some species disappearing and fishing becoming harder to the geography of the U.S.A. changing forever. This has been fun to research and I hoped I would have more time to put more information, but as it seems now this is my final draft. Much appreciation goes to sir Jim Lootens-White in specific and to the U.S. department of Agriculture for their aid in writing this essay.
Further reading/sources:

(1)

https://www.fs.usda.gov/rmrs/science-spotlights/three-decades-land-cover-change-east-africa
(2)

https://youtu.be/_AQZTW1ua3g

(3)

https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/53/11/1052/259848

(4)

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/ecosystems

(5)

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-streamflow

(6)

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-stream-temperature

Cool dude, Welcome to the science forums.com.

Edited September 19, 2023 by Vmedvil

[tuti9064]

Thanks! I hope to prove myself a good and informative member of the community. I am personally most interested in biology as it is what I mostly research and write about, although, I love learning physics and chemistry! Not to mention that I have a great love for maths. How was the article? I hope you enjoyed it!

Edited September 19, 2023 by tuti9064

[Vmedvil]

6 minutes ago, tuti9064 said:

Thanks! I hope to prove myself a good and informative member of the community. I am personally most interested in biology as it is what I mostly research and write about, although, I love learning physics and chemistry! Not to mention that I have a great love for maths. How was the article? I hope you enjoyed it!

 The article was fine, I tend to like statistics, so I enjoyed the article it has a great deal of relevant information in it to do with ecology and critical numbers dealing with ecology.

Edited September 19, 2023 by Vmedvil

[OceanBreeze]

 

3 hours ago, tuti9064 said:

Thanks! I hope to prove myself a good and informative member of the community. I am personally most interested in biology as it is what I mostly research and write about, although, I love learning physics and chemistry! Not to mention that I have a great love for maths. How was the article? I hope you enjoyed it!

Hi Tuti9064 and Welcome to this forum.

I particularly like the fact that you are writing about important issues involved with climate change, and from a quick read I think you have stated most of your facts correctly.

However, the following two sentences appear to have been added on to your paragraph on “Wildfires” and they stand out for two reasons: they are not written in the same grammatical style as the rest of your essay and they are not factually correct.

You wrote "The main threat to not only the U.S.A. but the entire world are wildfires. If left be they will become the main source of climate change."

I don’t intend this as a nitpick, but as a marine engineer with NOAA I happen to know that satellite data indicates the global burned area has actually decreased by over 25% starting about the year 2000 and continuing until today.

You actually touched on the reason for this in your essay where you wrote “preferred practices in wildfire management have evolved over time, from older policies that favored complete wildfire prevention to more recent policies of wildfire suppression and controlled burns.”

Indeed, the decrease in burned area was largest in the savannas where agricultural expansion and intensification were the primary drivers of declining fire activity. Fewer and smaller fires reduced aerosol concentrations, modified vegetation structure, and increased the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink.

Climate is a dominant control on fire activity, not the other way around. The interactions among climate, vegetation, and ignition sources determine the spatial and temporal pattern of biomass burning.

In addition to the natural processes, humans have shaped patterns of global burning for millennia, and human activity is now the primary source of ignitions in tropical forests, savannas, and agricultural regions.

Cropland expansion or deforestation rates are closely linked to regional fire trends and, for many regions, changing fire activity in recent decades extends a long-term transition from natural to human-dominated fire regimes.

It is this human activity that explains why the global burned area has actually decreased by over 25% starting about the year 2000 and continuing today. Apparently, humans are becoming more skilled in shaping the patterns of regional fire trends.

I hope you will accept this correction to these two sentences (“The main threat to not only the U.S.A. but the entire world are wildfires. If left be they will become the main source of climate change.”) in the spirit it is written, to inform, not to criticize.

Once again, I welcome you to our forum and hope to read many more interesting posts from you.

Nasa link

 

 

 

 

 

[tuti9064]

1 hour ago, OceanBreeze said:

Hi Tuti9064 and Welcome to this forum.

 

I particularly like the fact that you are writing about important issues involved with climate change, and from a quick read I think you have stated most of your facts correctly.

Hello! Thank you for this warm welcome.

Thank you for your kindness in not only reading this article, but also going through to constructively critique it.

1 hour ago, OceanBreeze said:

However, the following two sentences appear to have been added on to your paragraph on “Wildfires” and they stand out for two reasons: they are not written in the same grammatical style as the rest of your essay and they are not factually correct.

They are not written in the same grammatical style due to me writing that part late at night. This and them not being factually incorrect can be attributed to the fact that I don't proof read, which at this point I should take the hint and start doing so this doesn't occur again.

 

1 hour ago, OceanBreeze said:

I don’t intend this as a nitpick, but as a marine engineer with NOAA I happen to know that satellite data indicates the global burned area has actually decreased by over 25% starting about the year 2000 and continuing until today.

No, no. All critique is welcome, if it has a positive intent. I again thank you for coming to critique this article and appreciate it even more after knowing your qualifications.

I see, I should have researched more lol. I wasn't aware of that during writing the article.

 

1 hour ago, OceanBreeze said:

Climate is a dominant control on fire activity, not the other way around. The interactions among climate, vegetation, and ignition sources determine the spatial and temporal pattern of biomass burning.

I see, while researching for this article I understood that wildfires had control over climate change rather than the opposite. I see, I see, rather than wilde fires being X(the input or causation), they are Y(the output or result).

 

1 hour ago, OceanBreeze said:

Cropland expansion or deforestation rates are closely linked to regional fire trends and, for many regions, changing fire activity in recent decades extends a long-term transition from natural to human-dominated fire regimes.

I actually discused this article with my biology teacher at one point, he asked "So what causes this cropland expansion?" and I responded with "No one really knows." so he said "Then you haven't looked far enough into it because theories have to at least exist." it seems to be that my research wasn't as deep and all-encompassing as I thought it was. I'll do better next time

1 hour ago, OceanBreeze said:

It is this human activity that explains why the global burned area has actually decreased by over 25% starting about the year 2000 and continuing today. Apparently, humans are becoming more skilled in shaping the patterns of regional fire trends.

I mean we've increased our ability in shaping the environment in general, with the greatest example of this being the fact that remaking Mars' atmosphere is a serious and debated topic that seems to be possible.

 

1 hour ago, OceanBreeze said:

I hope you will accept this correction to these two sentences (“The main threat to not only the U.S.A. but the entire world are wildfires. If left be they will become the main source of climate change.”) in the spirit it is written, to inform, not to criticize.

 

Once again, I welcome you to our forum and hope to read many more interesting posts from you.

Sorry, as I stated certain parts of the article were written when I wasn't fully "there"(also English is my third langauge), and I didn't proofread anything. I will learn from these  mistakes and improve, God willing.

I most geniunly appreciate you critiquing me and informing me of my errors, this is actually exactly what I want! So to conclude what I should work on should be:

1. Proof-reading

2. Fact-checking

3. Encompass more sources in my research

If I missed anything, please do point it out. Thank you for taking the time out of your dad to critique me and help me.

 

God bless

 

[OceanBreeze]

14 hours ago, tuti9064 said:

 Thank you for taking the time out of your dad day to critique me and help me.

 

God bless

 

It has been my pleasure.

Hoping to see more posts from you in the future.