All Energy Hypothesis

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All Energy Hypothesis

 

ZhiXiong Zhou

 

Abstract

Everything is energy. Energy can influence each other, and the relationship between energies can be mutual attraction, repulsion, or no interaction. Space is a form of energy, which can be consumed and generated. The consumption of space generates gravity. Among numerous principles, the one I most admire is Occam's Razor principle. If multiple phenomena can be explained by simple theories, why use many complex and difficult-to-understand theories? It is because of this that I have been moving further away from modern physics.

 

 

Hypothesis 

• Everything is a state of energy

Everything is energy. Energy exists in various forms: particles, rays, fields, etc. Here, energy refers to the smallest unit of existence that can be divided. They have no structure or volume; they exist purely as energy. Energy can be consumed, generated, and transformed.

 

• Repulsion of Energies

Some energies may be repulsive, especially between the same kind of energy. Please imagine that if the same energies are not mutually exclusive when they meet, then they are very likely to fuse into greater units of energies, which would be found out by us already. Obviously, this situation has not been found so far, so we can reasonably consider that the same energy is mutually exclusive. 

The distance at which the energy repels, expressed as the magnitude of the energy. This size is not fixed, but relative to different types of energy. The magnitude of the mutual repulsion between different energies is different, so the magnitude of the energy is also different. But if the two energies are not mutually exclusive, then there will be no volume.

Mutual repulsion of energy will manifest itself as particles. For example: after two marbles collide, they are likely to bounce off, at least not fuse together, because of mutual exclusion. The electrons on the surfaces of the two marbles repel each other, making it impossible for the two marbles to overlap in space. The same is true for atoms: two atoms cannot overlap in space because the electrons on the surfaces of the atoms repel each other.

 

• Attraction between energies

Certain energies attract each other, such as protons and electrons. Different energies meet and interact. Energy encounters are random, and if two energies combine to form a stable state, they may persist, such as protons and electrons, because this combination is very stable, so most of the substances around us have atomic structures. If the combination of energies is unstable, they will quickly separate and be replaced by other more stable combinations. For example, the combination of electrons with electrons is unseen in our lives because it has been replaced by the more stable combination of protons and electrons. This is also the essence of chemistry: in certain environments, some bonds are replaced by others.

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• Overlap of energies

Some energies do not interact with each other, neither repelling nor attracting. When they meet, they overlap in space, meaning that these two energies are both in the same location but do not affect each other. They can pass through each other. In daily life, this phenomenon is understood by us as waves and fields, etc.

 

• Space-Energy 

Assuming space is also a form of energy. Space can be consumed. Space will uniformly regenerate itself. In most cases, space overlaps with other energies. Space moves from areas of high density to low density, similar to air. When air decreases at a certain point, surrounding air replenishes to achieve density equilibrium, like the operating principle of a vacuum cleaner, except a vacuum cleaner utilizes differences in air molecule density.

 

•  Production of Gravity

Assuming there is a force field around the nucleus of an atom, this field prevents electrons from getting into the nucleus. But the electrons still can get in the nucleus under a certain probability. As soon as an electron breaks through the field, the electron will be teleported out of the atom. This teleportation consumes Space-Energy, and the Space-Energy will be extinguished. The void will be filled by other Space-Energy immediately. 

The space around the atom is constantly annihilated, and is immediately replenished by the nearby space. The movement of space carries everything in the space to the center of the earth, so we feel that we are pulled to the center of the earth by gravity. In essence, the space under our feet is decreasing, and we are carried down by the space above our heads. The mechanism of gravity here is quite different from the "elevator" mechanism that someone likened: this kind of gravity is that space carries every molecule to the center of the earth at the same time, and the "elevator" is to push the molecule on the bottom of the foot first, and then the molecule pushes other molecules molecules move. If the observed object is water droplets, the difference between the two will be obvious.

The essence of gravity is acceleration, an acceleration that acts on every atom evenly and simultaneously. Gravity is a side effect of the existence of atomic structure.

 

Calculation of gravitational acceleration

Because gravity is generated by the annihilation of space, as the quantity of atoms is constant, the annihilation of space is constant, and the amount of space flowing to the substance is stable as well.

The annihilation of space is proportional to the mass. Presume there is a Mass-Space-Rate (MSR) in units of (m3/gs), stands for the space is annihilated by 1 gram per 1 second. Then the total amount of spatial movement produced by a certain mass is:

M MSR

The total amount of moving-space through the SPHERICAL-SURFACEs, which revolve the substance as the center,  is equivalent. As the area of the SPHERICAL-SURFACE is larger, the intensity of the moving-space is smaller. If the distance from a point to center of sphere is “r”, then the moving-space intensity at the point is:

A=M ×MSRS=M ×MSR4r2  

For the purpose to calculate the acceleration between substance 1 and substance 2, we should add the accelerations of both:

A12=A1+A2=M1MSR4r2 +M2MSR4r2=(M1+M2)MSR4r2 

M1,M2andr2 mentioned here are variables, the others are constants.

Assuming the M1 is the earth,M2 is the observation object on Earth,M2is small enough to be calculated negligibly. The acceleration calculated by the method of spatial motion is:

AEarth=MEarthMSREarth4r2=g

As we already measured, g=9.80665 (m/s2), rEarth=6371km, MEarth=5.97237×1024 kg, so we can calculate and get:

MSREarth=8.37527×10-13 (m3/gs)

Presuming the Moon, Mars and Mercury’s elemental compositions are similar to earth, we can use MSREarth to calculate their gravities. 

Moon: MMoon=7.3477×1022 kg, rMoon=1737.1km, then we can get AMoon=1.6229(m/s2)

Mercury: MMercury=3.3022×1023 kg, rMercury=2439.7km, then we can get AMercury=3.6976(m/s2)

Mars: MMars=6.4185×1023 kg, rMars=3389.5km, then we can get AMars=3.7235(m/s2)

 

The above calculation results confirm that this calculation method is correct.

 

Feasibility of Antigravity

Since the atoms of the earth continuously consume space, space is replenished from the periphery of the earth to the atoms of the earth. Space moves from above us to the center of the earth, and we are carried by space to move towards the center of the earth, forming the gravity of the earth. If we can transfer space from above us to below us, as long as there is enough space, we can counteract the space movement caused by the earth. If the amount we move is greater than gravity, we may even move upward.

 

This anti-gravity flying machine has a significant advantage: it can accelerate easily in a vacuum without consuming mass. It can easily change direction in zero gravity.

 

The Explanation of Milky Way Galaxy

If space can regenerate itself, many phenomena can be explained.

The singularity hypothesis can be abandoned. Since space is constantly regenerated, when the distance between celestial bodies is far enough, the generation of space exceeds consumption, so the distance between celestial bodies will become farther and farther. This is enough to explain the Doppler effect. The origin of the universe may not necessarily require the existence of a singularity.

For now, people generally assume that there is a large amount of mass that we cannot observe at the center of the Milky Way, so it can pull the celestial bodies at the edge without falling apart. People call this imaginary substance dark matter. But if space is constantly regenerated, the phenomena of the structure of the Milky Way can be easily explained without assuming the existence of nonexistent dark matter. At the periphery of the Milky Way, there is a very large amount of space, which continuously generates huge space. Because the density of this space energy is relatively high, this space energy moves toward the low-density center of the Milky Way, pushing all celestial bodies towards the center. This movement is essentially gravity, but this gravity is not only generated by the mass in the center of the Milky Way, but also the result of the addition of space outside the periphery of the Milky Way.

At a certain distance, the amount of space generated is enough to make the speed of the observed objects move away from us exceeds the speed of light. Any signal generated by the observed objects cannot be transmitted to the earth. This is our observable limit. It can boldly be speculated that the history of the universe is much longer than 13.8 billion years. It is just that we can only observe 13.8 billion years. The shape of the universe is not necessarily a sphere. It's just that we can only observe things within a certain distance, with the earth as the center of the sphere, giving us the illusion that the universe is a sphere.

 

 

 Repulsion's Explanation of Diffraction

 

If the photons were mutually exclusive, when two photons collide at a certain speed, they would bounce off like pinballs. The direction in which they bounce off is related to the angle at which they collided. When only the approximate direction of motion is known, the colliding motion of two photons is unpredictable.

If not two, but a large number of photons (such as two beams of light) meet, it is possible to estimate the probability of movement of the two beams of light. It is conceivable that the two photons will separate after colliding, and continue to move forward in a cone.

If there is no collision, the photons will arrive at the viewing screen in a straight line, appearing as a uniform light and shadow. Because of the collision of two photons, the photons no longer reach the observation screen according to the original route after the collision, and no photons arrive in some areas, forming diffracted light spots.

To form diffraction visible to the naked eye, two beams of light need to have the same frequency and a stable angle, so that they can collide stably and form a stable spot. If the frequencies are not the same, then the photons cannot collide in the same place consecutively. If the angle of the two beams of light is unstable, then the photons cannot collide at the same angle continuously, and the route after the collision will not be stable. Therefore, in many experiments, in order to observe diffraction, the same light source is divided into two parts by a spectroscope, and then interfered. If the two beams of light with different frequencies and indefinite angles double-cross, the photons will still collide, but the diffraction image that is visible to the naked eye cannot be formed.

For nowaday wave-particle duality of light is inspired by mechanical waves such as water waves, and needs to be reconsidered.

 

Based on the above, let’s review the Michelson–Morley experiment. For now we do not consider the hypothesis and inferences of this experiment for the time being, but focus on the design of this experiment. Since the light source and the mirror have no relative displacement for the entire experimental system, the angle at which the two beams intersect remains unchanged. Even if the phase changes, the Diffraction should keep stable (Shankland 16). In short, the experimental device produces only constant diffraction images. And can't prove any theories (eg: ether theory, relativity, etc.) or not.

 

Photons Repulsion can explain the Double-slit experiment (Feynman) as well. If the beam passes through a slit, a slit-shaped light is projected on the viewing screen. But not an absolute slit shape, on the dark viewing screen near the light bar, some photons will still be cast on it, just too few to be seen with the naked eye. The reason for this phenomenon is that some photons are deflected as they pass through the slit, causing collisions, so that some photons are thrown outside the shape of the light bar.

There are many reasons for photon deflection:

● The volume of the light source is large, so that the angle between the light source and the slit forms an angle, which is not balanced enough, resulting in intersection.

● The wall of the slit is thick and the volume of the light source is large, some photons hit the wall of the slit, causing bounce and intersection.

● The large mass of the slit attracts photons to move towards the slit wall, the principle is similar to that of a gravitational lens.

When the beam passes through two slits, the deflection of the photons occurs in both slits. As long as the two slits are close enough, the deflected photons will easily collide, and after several collisions, several spots will form instead of two.

 

In the which-way experiment, we release very small amounts of photons to observe. When the photon(s) pass the one slit, it will move in the long-strip-cone, but there is no other photon (or enough photons) to repulse. So the photon(s) move in the long-strip-cone without repulsions. Then all photons hit in the two strips, but not  multiple strips. In other words, the cause of the which-way experiment is insufficiency of photons.

 

Conclusion

 

All particles are mutually exclusive, with some particles that attract each other and some that do not interact. When energies encounter, they overlap, repel, or attract each other. The principle of gravity is the consumption of space energy, and the intensity of gravity depends on the speed of space movement. Anti-gravity flying machines are theoretically feasible. The structure of the universe is not necessarily a singularity, and the universe may be much older than the current observation limit. The wave-particle duality of light needs to be reconsidered. The Michelson–Morley experiment cannot prove any theory.