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There are a great deal of stars with no or very little mass estimates.

The Polaris case is important due to it being a Cepheid (the nearest one), and a good mass estimate of those is needed since they're used as cosmic rulers.

Anyway, they only recently found something orbiting it, allowing the mass estimate. The earlier estimate was off because only a small portion of the orbit had been observed. It takes 30 years for one orbit, and only now is that more than half complete, allowing the finer calculation.

 

So yes, there are plenty of stars with nothing visibly orbiting it, and it is very difficult to estimate the mass of such a thing.

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